Impact of Effective Warehouse Operations on Physical Distribution of Pharmaceutical Distribution Companies in Bamenda, Cameroon

Impact of Effective Warehouse Operations on Physical Distribution of Pharmaceutical Distribution Companies in Bamenda, Cameroon

Kughong Walters

1.     Introduction

Warehouse operations are a critical aspect of logistics and supply chain management in many industries worldwide. The efficient handling of inventory, space utilization, and accurate tracking of products are essential for organizations to meet customer demands and remain competitive in the global market (Mangan, 2016). The use of advanced technology such as warehouse system systems (WMS) has enabled companies to optimize their warehouse operations and improve their physical distribution process.

In developed countries, efficient warehouse operations play a critical role in the overall supply chain management process (Rao & Holt, 2005). Effective warehouse operations can contribute to improved customer satisfaction, reduced costs, enhanced inventory management, and streamlined physical distribution processes (Popa, 2012). Efficient receiving processes ensure timely and accurate receipt of goods into the warehouse. This includes verifying the quantity and quality of incoming shipments, inspecting for damages, and updating inventory records. Effective receiving activities help minimize delays and errors in the subsequent distribution process. Proper put-away procedures involve organizing and storing received goods in designated locations within the warehouse. Optimal put-away practices ensure that items are easily accessible, properly labeled, and logically arranged based on factors such as demand, storage requirements, and product characteristics. Well-managed put-away activities contribute to streamlined order fulfillment and reduced picking time. Effective storage management involves maximizing space utilization, implementing appropriate storage systems for example (racking, shelving), and establishing inventory control mechanisms for example (FIFO, LIFO). Efficient storage practices contribute to optimized inventory levels, minimized stockouts, and improved order picking efficiency (Chan and Qi, 2003). Order Picking: Order picking is a critical activity in the physical distribution process, involving selecting and assembling items for customer orders. Efficient order picking strategies, such as zone picking or batch picking, can significantly impact the speed and accuracy of order fulfillment. Utilizing appropriate technology, such as barcode scanners or pick-to-light systems, can further enhance productivity.

Effective warehouse operations have become increasingly important due to factors such as globalization, e-commerce growth, and supply chain complexity (Gunasekaran et al., 2008). Developed countries often employ advanced technologies, automated systems, and sophisticated warehouse management software to optimize their warehouse operations. This includes utilizing robotics, artificial intelligence, and data analytics to improve efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness. Additionally, sustainable and eco-friendly practices are gaining importance worldwide. Warehouses in developed countries are adopting environmentally conscious measures such as energy-efficient lighting, waste reduction, and green packaging solutions to minimize their ecological footprint (Dekker et al., 2012).

The history of receiving activity as a warehouse operations activity in the US can be traced back to the early days of industrialization when goods were received manually, and inventory records were kept using paper-based systems. Over time, technological advancements and the implementation of barcode scanning and electronic data interchange (EDI) have streamlined the receiving process, enabling faster and more accurate verification of incoming shipments. In the US, the evolution of put-away activities coincided with the development of warehousing systems (Wikner et al 1991). Traditional methods involved manually assigning storage locations, but with the advent of automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) and warehouse management systems (WMS), put-away processes have become more efficient and precise. These technologies allow for real-time tracking of inventory and optimized storage allocation based on factors like product characteristics and demand patterns (Bandyopadhyay & Sen 2011). Storage Activity: The history of storage activities in the US includes the transition from manual stacking and storing goods to the implementation of various storage systems, such as pallet racking, mezzanine floors, and shelving. In recent years, the US has seen an increasing adoption of automated storage solutions, including automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and robotic systems, to improve storage density and operational efficiency.