Impact of Electric Vehicles (EV) in Logistics Operations in Establishing Green Supply Chain

The global logistics sector is undergoing a significant transformation driven by increasing environmental concerns, rising fuel costs, and stringent governmental regulations on emissions. One promising solution to mitigate these challenges is the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into logistics operations. This study aims to explore the impact of EVs on logistics functions, particularly focusing on their role in establishing a green supply chain. Using Tata Motors Limited (TML)—India’s leading automobile manufacturer—as a case reference, the study evaluates how EVs can contribute to lowering carbon emissions, reducing operational costs, and improving sustainability outcomes in logistics. Through secondary research supported by scholarly articles, government reports, and industrial case studies, along with a targeted survey involving three reputed logistics-based organizations, the study reveals a growing awareness and willingness to transition toward EVs. Approximately 92% of surveyed participants acknowledged awareness of EVs, and 72% reported regular usage of EVs in logistics operations. The primary motivators included cost savings (37%), government incentives (33%), and environmental benefits (23%). The analysis also identifies critical challenges faced during EV integration in logistics, such as limited driving range (43% of respondents), high initial capital expenditure (26%), and inadequate charging infrastructure (13%). Despite these limitations, a majority of respondents (51%) indicated that EVs are primarily being used for inter-state and last-mile deliveries, showcasing their increasing operational applicability. The findings conclude that EVs play a pivotal role in facilitating sustainable supply chain strategies, aligning with global trends towards environmental responsibility and resource efficiency. For a developing nation like India, which faces infrastructural and economic constraints, the transition to electric logistics requires policy s