Plant Disease Management and cure: A Systematic Review of Pathogens, control strategies and future directions

Plant Disease Management and cure: A Systematic Review of

Pathogens, control strategies and future directions”

Kapil Sharma1, Narendra Sharma2, Divyanshu Singh Nathawat3, Tofik Mev4.

1.    BBA ENTERPRENURSHIP

2.    Bsc (AGRI+ MBA)

3.    BCA (COMPUTER SCIENCE)

4.    CSE(AI&DS)

INTRODUCTION

We are taking a plant of Guava (Psidium guajava) for our project. Guava is a tropical fruit-bearing plant native to Central and South America, though it is now grown in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Here’s a comprehensive guide to guava plants:

 Botanical Classification, Family: Myrtaceae, Genus: Psidium, Species: Psidium guajava3

It has a place with phylum: Mangoliophyta, class: Mangoliopsida and  Myrtaceae family6.

Plant Description: Size: Guava is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree or shrub, typically growing to a height of 3-10 meters (10-33 feet),  Leaves: The leaves are opposite, simple, elliptic to oval-shaped, and about 5–15 cm long. They have a smooth upper surface and a hairy underside, Flowers: Guava flowers are white with multiple stamens, fragrant, and about 2–3 cm in diameter. They grow singly or in small clusters in the leaf axils, Fruits: The guava fruit can be round, oval, or pear-shaped. The skin can be green, yellow, or pinkish when ripe, and the flesh may be white, pink, red, or yellow with numerous tiny seeds. Fruits have a distinct musky, sweet fragrance.

 Varieties of Guava: There are many varieties of guava, differing in size, colour, and taste: Common guava (Psidium guajava): This is the most cultivated species.

Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum): Produces smaller fruits with a strawberry-like flavor. Apple guava: Produces larger, round fruits similar to apples in size and shape. Growing Conditions: Temperature: 20-30 degree C, Soil PH : 5.5- 6.5, Soil type : sandy loam soil with organic matter, Sun light : full sun light ideal guava growth, Watering : regular watering and consistent moisture. Propagation Methods: Seeds: Guava can be propagated from seeds, but this method takes longer and may not produce true-to-type fruits. Cuttings: A more reliable method for propagation is by rooting semi-hardwood cuttings. Air Layering: Another common method is air layering, which encourages root growth on branches still attached to the mother plant. Grafting: Guava can also be grafted to ensure the offspring is true to the parent plant. Harvesting: Depending on the variety, climate and ready to harvest 3-6 month after flowering1. Economic Importance: Top producers countries India, China, Brazil, Mexico and Thailand and Indian export value off guava $300 million in (2020-21). Hamiduzzaman et al. (1997) revealed from Bangladesh that shrivel rate was most extreme when seedlings were vaccinated by F. Oxysporum & F. Sp. Psidii alongside the nematodes H. Dihystera and H. indicus2.  Uses of Guava: Culinary: Guavas are consumed raw, juiced, or used in cooking and baking. Rejuvenating oil is available in leaves which contain α-pinene, limonene, β-pinene, isopropyl liquor, menthol, terpenyl acetic acid derivation, caryophyllene, longicyclene and β-bisabolene. Oleanolic corrosive is likewise found in guava leaves11. They are popular in jams, jellies, desserts, and beverages. Nutritional Value: Guava is rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. It has musky exceptional smell when matured which is solid yet charming8 .It's also a good source of vitamin A, potassium, and folic acid. Medicinal Uses: Guava leaves and fruits have been used traditionally for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Guava leaf tea is popular in many cultures as a remedy for diarrhea and digestive issues. Psidium guajava L. is devoured as food as well as people medication in subtropical regions all around the world because of its pharmacological exercises9.

It has been suggested for cough because of its anti-cough activity12.

Leaves have highly satisfied of limonene around 42.1% and caryophyllene about 21.3%10.

Ascorbic corrosive and citrus extract are the significant elements of guava that assume significant part in enemy of mutagenic movement7.

Now and again the ecological changes and chemicals become the explanation of free extreme creation. These free revolutionaries are liable for all the oxidation responses16.

Guava is a highly valued plant for its nutritious fruits, ease of cultivation, and adaptability to various conditions. Whether grown in a backyard garden or on a large commercial scale, it is relatively low-maintenance but requires regular care for optimal production

Convention broiler drying was come about to hold the greater part of the absolute phenolic contents (TPC), ascorbic corrosive identical cancer prevention agent limit (AEAC) and ferric diminishing power (FRP) measure of guava. Nonetheless, the drying brought about a critical diminishing of AEAC, TPC and FRP13.

We are taking this plant it is so commonly consumed and growed in world wide areas.

Quercetin, quercetin-3-0-glucopyranoside and morin can be secluded from leaves. These mixtures show the counter oxidant action. Quercetin has free extreme adjusting action. Its decreasing power is lot higher than any remaining mixtures. It is considered as most dynamic and solid cancer prevention agent in the leaves of guava14,15.

Defensive splashes against anthracnose, styler end decay and different kind of decays adjacent to epidemiological investigation and shower gauging can enormously upgrade the exhibition of plantation showers. Subsequently, pre-harvest treatment with more secure synthetics including IPM is a proper  methodology  in circumstances where significant reap injury misfortunes are expected4.

Wilt is the most widely recognized sickness in guava plant. Assessed that 5 to 15% of the tress passed on because of wilt consistently in 12 regions of U.P., coming about into a deficiency of worth Rs. 1,000,000 roughly.

 During the beyond 2 thirty years, various methodologies have been made for in vitro proliferation of guava. An outline on the vitro recovery of guava through organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, and engineered seeds is introduced 5.

If the plant is affected by wilt then the plant will show this type of symptoms :-

The leaves and flower will dry up and fruit size will get smaller and browning of leaves will occur, and the tree will dry.

Timeline of this study: 6 months.