Retrofitting of Buildings in Cyclone Prone Areas at Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India

Cyclones pose a significant threat to rural housing in coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, particularly in the Thanjavur district. This study investigates the vulnerability of different building typologies-non-engineered, semi-engineered, and engineered structures-to cyclonic hazards through field surveys conducted in Mallipattinam and Pudhupattinam villages. The research reviews relevant literature on cyclone damage assessment, reliability-based structural design, and cost-effective retrofitting techniques, highlighting importance of both scientific and local approaches to disaster resilience. The study also examines Indian codal provisions (IS 875, IS 15498, IS 15499) for cyclone-resistant construction. Field data reveal that non-engineered houses, often built with thatch and mud without proper foundations, are highly susceptible to wind and flood damage, resulting in major structural failures. Semi-engineered buildings, while incorporating some engineered elements, still exhibit vulnerabilities due to weak connections and partial reinforcement. Engineered structures, designed and supervised according to IS codes, demonstrate greater resilience but may still suffer from issues such as wall cracking if construction quality is compromised. The analysis emphasizes the need for targeted retrofitting-such as improved roof anchorage, reinforced walls, and better drainage systems. The study concludes that multi-pronged approach involving adoption of cost-effective, locally adaptable construction techniques is essential to mitigate cyclone risks and safeguard rural livelihoods in vulnerable coastal zones.