Study on Sustainable Biophilic Strategies in Resort Architecture: Enhancing Connection with Nature

Resort architecture operates within ecologically sensitive settings and depends on close interaction with natural systems. This makes it an important field for examining the relationship between environmental responsibility and user experience. Sustainable architecture focuses on reducing environmental impact through strategies such as energy efficiency, climate-responsive design, and responsible material use (United Nations Environment Programme, 2020). In contrast, biophilic design emphasizes the psychological and experiential benefits of human engagement with natural elements (Wilson, 1984; Kellert, 2008). Although both approaches share a common environmental orientation, their integration within resort architecture is often limited or treated superficially. This study investigates how sustainable and biophilic strategies can be systematically integrated in resort design to improve both environmental performance and the quality of human–nature interaction. The research adopts a qualitative methodology that combines theoretical analysis with comparative case study evaluation. Three resorts in southern India: Swaswara Wellness Retreat, Marari Beach Resort, and Banasura Hill Resort were selected based on their ecological context, design approach, and availability of documented information (CGH Earth, n.d.; Banasura Hill Resort, n.d.). Data was collected from secondary sources, including architectural publications, project reports, and visual documentation. A thematic analysis was conducted using a structured coding framework supported by NVivo software. The analysis focused on four key dimensions: ecological integration, climatic responsiveness, material sustainability, and spatial biophilic configuration. Each case was examined individually, followed by a cross-case comparison to identify recurring strategies and context-specific variations. The findings indicate that effective integration of sustainability and biophilic design occurs through the interaction of four interrelated layers. Ecological strategies support biodiversity and reduce site disturbance. Climatic strategies improve thermal comfort and reduce dependence on mechanical systems. Material strategies contribute to lower embodied energy while reinforcing sensory experience. Spatial strategies enhance visual and physical connections with nature through transitions, openness, and framing. The study suggests that these layers function most effectively when applied together rather than in isolation. This integrated approach supports both environmental performance and psychological well-being (Kellert, 2008; Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989). Based on these findings, the research proposes a framework that links sustainability objectives with experiential design principles in resort architecture.